| Card # |
English |
English |
Image |
| 1 |
(1) hypoxemic respiratory failure; (2) ventilatory, or hypercapnic, respiratory failure; and (3) impaired upper airway |
What are the three basic conditions of respiratory failure that patients are admitted to the ICU for? |
|
| 2 |
1) Acute Onset: < 48 hours, 2) Bilateral infiltrates, 3) Absence of heart failure: No clinical evidence of increased left atrial pressure or Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure <18 mm Hg. 4) Reduced PO2/FiO2 201–300 |
What are the diagnostic criteria for Acute Lung Injury? |
|
| 3 |
1) Acute Onset: < 48 hours, 2) Bilateral infiltrates, 3) Absence of heart failure: No clinical evidence of increased left atrial pressure or Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure <18 mm Hg. 4) Reduced PO2/FiO2 ≤200. |
What are the diagnostic criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome? |
|
| 4 |
1) Hypoventilation, 2) Normal, 3) Yes, 4) Yes |
Describe the following for a NARCOTIC OVERDOSE patient: 1) Gas Exchange Derangement, 2) A-a Oxygen Difference, 3) if it Corrects with ↑ Ventilation and 4) Corrects with Supplemental Oxygen. |
|
| 5 |
1) Low V/Q, 2) Widened, 3) No, 4) Yes |
Describe the following for a ASTHMA or COPD patients: 1) Gas Exchange Derangement, 2) A-a Oxygen Difference, 3) if it Corrects with ↑ Ventilation and 4) Corrects with Supplemental Oxygen. |
|
| 6 |
1) Low inspired arterial PO2, 2) Normal, 3) Partially, 4) Yes |
Describe the following for a HIGH ALTITUDE patient: 1) Gas Exchange Derangement, 2) A-a Oxygen Difference, 3) if it Corrects with ↑ Ventilation and 4) Corrects with Supplemental Oxygen. |
|
| 7 |
1) Shunt, 2) Widened, 3) No, 4) No |
Describe the following for a ARDS or HEART FAILURE patients: 1) Gas Exchange Derangement, 2) A-a Oxygen Difference, 3) if it Corrects with ↑ Ventilation and 4) Corrects with Supplemental Oxygen. |
|
| 8 |
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP, Guillain-Barré syndrome), Myasthenia, Motor neuron disease and Botulism |
What are the causes generalized neruomuscular weakness? |
|
| 9 |
Aggressive diuresis and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. |
How is cardiogenic pulmonary edema treated? |
|
| 10 |
Bronchospasm, airway edema, and secretions, as well as excessive expiratory airway collapse, can severely reduce airway diameter, resulting in markedly prolonged expiration. |
What is the pathophysiology of Obstructive lung disease? |
|
| 11 |
C3, injuries in the C4 to C5 region cause variable degrees of diaphragmatic dysfunction. |
What level of C-spine injury requires long-term dependence on mechanical ventilatory support? |
|
| 12 |
Chronic ventilatory failure - Pulmonary hypertension, Atelectasis, Aspiration, Pneumonia and Sleep-disordered breathing |
What are the respiratory complications of neuromuscular weakness? |
|
| 13 |
High-dose inhaled short-acting β2-agonists are first line treatment. Systemic corticosteroids are recommended for all patients requiring admission. |
What is treatment for asthma exacerbation? |
|
| 14 |
Magnesium, Heliox and noninvasive ventilation |
What are the adjunct intervensions for asthma? |
|
| 15 |
NPPV |
What ventilation treatment is appropriate for extrapulmonary restrictive lung disease? |
|
| 16 |
PCO2 is typically normal or reduced |
What is PCO2 in pure hypoxemic respiratory failure? |
|
| 17 |
PO2 ≤ 60 mm Hg or PO2/fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2] ≤ 200 [PO2 less than 200 on 100% oxygen or less than 100 on 50% oxygen] |
What are the signs of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure? |
|
| 18 |
Patients with persistent FEV1 or peak expiratory flow less than 40% of predicted after 1 hour of aggressive bronchodilator therapy. |
What COPD patients are candidates for ICU admission? |
|
| 19 |
Patients with vital capacity < 20 mL/kg, patients who cannot generate > 30 cm H2O of negative inspiratory force, or patients with declining values are at high risk for ventilatory failure. And patients with bulbar dysfunction. |
What patients with neuromuscular disease need mechanical ventilation? |
|
| 20 |
Pco2=(Vco2 x k)/VA |
What is the equation for Pco2? |
|
| 21 |
Persistent lung inflammation and increased vascular permeability. |
What is the pathophysiology of Acute lung injury (ALI)? |
|
| 22 |
Pneumonia |
What is the most common cause of ARDS in patients outside of the hospital? |
|
| 23 |
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to the lung, which opens up, or “recruits,” flooded or collapsed alveoli. It does not adequately correct with increased alveolar ventilation or supplemental oxygen. |
How is acute hypoxemic respiratory failure treated? |
|
| 24 |
Pulmonary catheters do not have a major role, it is diagnosed clinically. |
What is the role of pulmonary artery catheters in ARDS? |
|
| 25 |
Sepsis |
What is the most common cause of ARDS in the hospital? |
|
| 26 |
alveolar collapse and flooding with fluid, pus, or blood. |
What are the conditions causing acute hypoxemic respiratory failure? |
|
| 27 |
brainstem stroke and severe hypothyroidism |
What are uncomon causes of Reduced Ventilatory Drive. |
|
| 28 |
bulbar dysfunction, vital capacity < 20 mL/kg, patients who cannot generate more than 30 cm H2O of negative inspiratory force, or patients with declining values are at high risk for ventilatory failure. |
What are the physiological indications for mechanical venitlation? |
|
| 29 |
decreased level of consciousness, agonal respirations, and increasing work of breathing and fatigue despite at least 1 hour of aggressive bronchodilator therapy. |
What are the indications for mechanical ventilation in asthma patients? |
|
| 30 |
drug overdose |
What is the most common cause of Reduced Ventilatory Drive? |
|
| 31 |
hypercapnia |
What is the primary manifestation of ventilatory failure? |
|
| 32 |
kyphoscoliosis, morbid obesity, large pleural effusions, and elevated intra-abdominal pressure from ascites, bowel edema, or intraoperative gas insufflation. |
What are the causes of Restricive lung disease |
|
| 33 |
pneumonia, heart failure, and pulmonary embolism. |
oxygen requirements beyond 3 to 4 L/min by nasal cannula in an asthma patient indicates what? |
|
| 34 |
present with respiratory alkalosis. Slightly elevated or even normal PCO2 levels often indicate impending respiratory arrest. |
What is the typical presentation for asthma exacerbation? |
|
| 35 |
reverses sedation from benzodiazepines. |
What is Flumazenil? |
|
| 36 |
ventilatory failure in the absence of respiratory disease |
What is bellows failure? |
|
