| Card # |
English_british |
Greek |
Image |
| 1 |
|
|
|
| 2 |
12 monthly charts for each of the worlds oceans. The charts give current and wind direction/strength information. |
Ocean Routing Chart |
|
| 3 |
A area close in around three Datum Positions where the probability of finding the search object is highest. |
Hot Sausage |
|
| 4 |
A mathematical ratio and is used to express the measure of the quality of search effectiveness. C = Wc /S |
C |
|
| 5 |
A mathematically expressed measure of detection capability due to target characteristics, weather and other limitations. |
Define: Sweep Width |
|
| 6 |
A search unit, which is permanently available to an SMC. The availability is declaredto a set criteria or standard. The authority responsible for the unit is responsible for maintaining readiness, and reporting when availability is compromised. |
Declared Facility |
|
| 7 |
A sideways drifting tendency which manifests itself in anything which moves on the earth`s surface caused by the earth`s rotation and gravity. In the northern hemisphere drift is to the right. |
Define: Coriolis Effect |
|
| 8 |
A situation of "Grave and imminent danger" exists to a vessel, and "Immediate assistance is required" |
Distress |
|
| 9 |
A type of search pattern for a rectangular area. First leg is parallel to the longer side of the rectangle. |
Parallel Track |
 |
| 10 |
A type of search pattern to search a rectangular area. first leg is parallel to the shorter side of the rectangle. |
What is a Creeping Line Ahead? |
|
| 11 |
A type of search pattern to search a rectangular area. first leg is parallel to the shorter side of the rectangle. |
Creeping Line Ahead |
 |
| 12 |
A type of search pattern used to search an irregular area bounded by the coastline or river estuary banks. |
Key Search |
|
| 13 |
A type of search pattern used when the datum is established with a high degree of confidence. CSP is the datum, direction of first leg, down drift. The length of first leg = track spacing. Every turn is 120° right. One complete search consists of three sectors around the datum. |
Sector Search |
|
| 14 |
A type of search plan. This is used when the track line of a vessel is know or guessed, but the exact time or position where the distress occurred remains unknown. Several DSP`s are assumed along the course of the track line and a search pland constructed accordingly. |
Datum Line |
|
| 15 |
A type of search plan. This method is utilised when wreckage or survival craft have been located. The initial distress was not communicated, but survivors reveal that there were more people on board than have now been found. |
What is a Backtrack? |
|
| 16 |
A type of search plan. Where the last known position or drift start position is known, and all elements of drift applied. |
Datum Point |
|
| 17 |
An expanse of open water over which the wind travels causing the sea to build. |
Define: Fetch |
|
| 18 |
Commence Search Position. A position with reference to the boundary of a search area where a unit starts a systematic search pattern. |
CSP |
|
| 19 |
Dead Reckoning error |
DRe |
|
| 20 |
Dead Reckoning. Possition information based on the speed and course of a vessel, but ot taking into account any tidal or leeway information. |
DR |
|
| 21 |
Distance that a search object can be detected on either side of a SAR Unit. |
Detection Range |
|
| 22 |
Drift Elapsed Time. Time between LKP/DSP and Datum time. |
DET |
|
| 23 |
Drift Start Position. Position indicated by a vessel in distress, or survivor at a known time. Used as a basis for a search plan. |
DSP |
|
| 24 |
Drift Start Time - Time the object started to drift. |
DST |
|
| 25 |
Drift error = Drift Distance x Drift error factor. Mathematical equation to determine drift error total distance measred from LKP/DSP to Datum position multiplied by drift error factor, normally 0.3 or 30% . A valueof 30% is usually applied but this value could be midified depending on the accuracy of the data used. |
Explain: De=D x Def |
|
| 26 |
Drift error. a percentage of the resultant drift distance from the DSP to the Datum applied as an error; Standard De = 30% |
De |
|
| 27 |
Eleven bookleots pubished for the UK coastline. Gives rates and directions at different states of tide over a 13 hour cycle and is related to a Standard Port in terms of high and low water times. |
Tidal Stream Atlas |
|
| 28 |
Found Position. This is the position where a search object has been located, or the position where wreckage or survivors have been located by chance by a passing vessel or aircraft. |
FP |
|
| 29 |
Found on Admiralty Chart, tidal information reflects the 13 hour tidal cycle and is related to a particular standard port in terms of high and low water times. |
Tidal Diamond |
|
| 30 |
How accurate was the LKP or DSP? What was used to obtain the position? |
Navigational Fix Error |
|
| 31 |
Initial Position Error (x) - The sum of the Navigation Fix Error and any DR Error. |
x |
|
| 32 |
Initial Position Error - Based on the navigational accuracy of the distress vessel. Can be combination of Fix error and DR error. |
X |
|
| 33 |
Last Known Position. Position where a vessel was last known to be at a given time. Used as the basis for a search plan. |
LKP |
|
| 34 |
Life Saving Appliances: life rafts, lifeboats, lifejackets, flares, orange smoke, EPIRB`s, SART`s etc |
LSA |
|
| 35 |
Life raft |
L/R |
|
| 36 |
On Scene Co-ordinator. Appointed by the SMC to co-ordinate the on scene effort during a SAR incident. |
OSC |
|
| 37 |
On Scene Endurance - The period of time which an SRU Commander has committed to remaining on scene. |
OSE |
|
| 38 |
On scend endurance x 0.85 Fifteen percent of the on scene endurance is deducted to take into acount of time off search investigating possible contacts, and making turns outside the area. |
Search Endurance |
|
| 39 |
Part of the search area allocated to a particular SRU for search. |
Sub Area |
|
| 40 |
Person In Water |
PIW |
|
| 41 |
Position information based on some terresrial or astronomical reference point. There are many methods of determining a vessels position and each will have limits of accuracy. |
Fix |
|
| 42 |
Probability of Detection. A means of measuring search results and is expressed as a percentage. |
POD |
|
| 43 |
Rather than tide when you are looking at currents in the deep oceans you will normally find ocean currents. These are hube bodies of water in motion often in a fixed direction. Teh rate of current and exact position of these currents often change with season. |
Ocean Current |
|
| 44 |
Rescue Co-ordination Centre. Shore base responsible for tacical planning in a SAR incident. (MRCC; Maritime......ARCC; Aviation) |
RCC |
|
| 45 |
Rescue Sub Centre. Shore base responsible for tactical planning in a SAR incident. |
RSC |
|
| 46 |
SAR Mission Co-ordinator. Senior member of watch at an RCC to which responsibility to co-ordinate search and rescue effort is delegated by the Master or skipper of a vessel. |
SMC |
|
| 47 |
Search Rescue Unit. Either a declared facility or additional facility. |
SRU |
|
| 48 |
Search and Rescue Transponder. Used by survivors to indicate their position to SRUs using 9GHz radar |
SART |
|
| 49 |
Search unit which has offered assistance to search, but is not normally available to any set criteria. |
Additional Facility |
|
| 50 |
Sweep Width - Theoretical measure of detection capability. |
W |
|
| 51 |
Sweep Width corrected for speed, weather and fatigue factors. |
Wc |
|
| 52 |
The Advantages are:The rapid response model produces a valid search area when a short time has elapsed from drift start time to datum time and a search unit can be on scene quickly. It is quick to calculate as all relevant information readily to hand. Produces a datum position with a high degree of confidence. Produces a small search area for a search unit to make an effective initial search with ah high probability of success. Disadvantages are: The rapid responce model is less appropriate for long elaped time periods. It does not consider divergence - target out of search area. It does not consider WDC - target out of search area. |
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Rapid Response Drift Model. |
|
| 53 |
The angle to the wind which a search object actually drifts under the action of leeway. This is seldom directly downwind. Divergence is quoted as an angular fquantity and should be applied + and - to the wind direction. |
Divergence |
|
| 54 |
The area of probability where a search object is thought to be following a period of drift. |
Search Area |
|
| 55 |
The movement of a search object through the water caused by the actionof the wind on the exposed surfaces of the object and accounting for any lag caused by the submerged part of the object. |
Leeway |
|
| 56 |
The movement of a target through the water caused by winds acting against the exposed vertical surface above the water. |
Define: Leeway |
|
| 57 |
The target or object of a search. |
Search Object |
|
| 58 |
The time for which a search plan is derived. All vectors in the calculation are modelled to this time. In effect, one minute after this time the search area is no longer entirly valid. |
Datum Time |
|
| 59 |
This pattern is used when a datum is established with a high degree of confidence. The search unit passed through the datum several times increasing the POD at the Datum, diminishing the POD at the extremities of the search area. Each leg is equal the radius of the search area. The maximum track spacing is the length of the search leg. The datum must be marked. All turns are 120° to the right. Further searches are offset 30° to the right of the final search leg. |
Explain fully: Sector search |
 |
| 60 |
Tidal effect around the coast of the UK caused by the gravitational effects of the moon and planets. The currents form a 12 hour cycle, approximately 6 hours flooding and 6 hours ebbing. Tidal effect can either be rotary where each hourly vector changes in direction around the compass rose, or reversing, where you will find 6 hours in one direction followed by 6 hours in the reciprocal direction. |
Tide |
|
| 61 |
Total Probability Error. Radius applied to a datum in order to formulate a search area. R is the collective error, DRe + FIXe + De |
R |
|
| 62 |
Total Probable error = Initial Position Error added to Drift error The way in which the De element is calculated can give rise to inaccurate search areas In rotary tidal or veering wind conditions. |
Explain: R = X + De |
|
| 63 |
Total Water Current Position. This is a position which reflects the position of a drifting object after considering the effects of Tide or Ocean Current + wind driven current. (NB - wind driven current is not always applied). |
TWC |
|
| 64 |
Total Water Current. A drift position which has been arrived at by application of tidal or ocean current drift AND wind driven current, but not leeway. |
TWC |
|
| 65 |
Track Spacing - The distance in NM between adjacent search tracks. |
S |
|
| 66 |
Type of Search Plan. Rathern than a last known or drift start position, this type of plan starts off with an area of uncertainty. Such an area may result from EPIRB position information or information derived from VHF DF equipment. |
Datum Area |
|
| 67 |
Type of search pattern. CSP is at datum, first leg is normally carried out in the direction of drift. the length of the first leg is = track spacing. Every turn is 90° right. Every third leg is extended by a distance = track spacing. |
Expanding Square |
 |
| 68 |
Type of search plan. Used as a rapid initial responce where a search must be initiated quickly, and a search unit can be on scene very rapidly. This type of plan does not take wind driven current nor divergence int account. |
Rapid Responce |
|
| 69 |
Wind Driven Current, current generated by the wind which acts upon the surface of the water for a period of time (generally a minimum of 48 hrs) in open water. |
Define: WDC |
|
| 70 |
Wind Driven Current. This is a current set up in the first rew fet of depth caused bythe action of wind blowing across the surface of the sea. |
WDC |
|
